榪欎箞涔呰嚦浠婏紝娌℃湁浜烘暍浜庢寫鎴樺乏灝樼殑鍦頒綅銆?
涓婁竴嬈℃湁浜轟笉闀跨溂錛屾兂瑕佺寧鏉€宸﹀皹錛岀粨鏋滃綋鍦烘姌鎹燂紝鍑犱箮鏄宸﹀皹鎵€瀹岃檺銆?
閭ｇ瓑鍦洪潰鑷充粖榪樺湪寰堝浜虹溂鍓嶅巻鍘嗗湪鐩紝璋侀兘蹇樹笉浜嗗乏灝橀偅鑸棤鏁岀殑濮挎€侊紝浠庨偅鏃跺€欒搗錛屼粬浠氨鏄庣櫧錛岀璇濈粓絀舵槸紲炶瘽錛屽ぉ鎵嶄緷鏃ф槸澶╂墠銆?
閭ｇ褰撳垵寰楀埌浜嗘煇鏌愭湰婧愶紝鎴栬€呰寰楀埌浜嗗叾浠栧ぇ鏈虹紭鐨勯珮鎵嬶紝闅忕潃鏃朵唬浜х敓鎷愮偣錛屽ぇ澶氶兘闄ㄨ惤浜嗕笅鏉ワ紝鍙兘浼氳鏂頒漢鎵€鍙栦唬銆傚彲鏄乏灝樹笉鍚岋紝浠栦笉浼氳交鏄撻櫒钀斤紝涓嶄細琚漢杞繪槗韙╄笍鍦ㄥご欏朵箣涓娿€傚彧鍥犱負浠栫殑璺紝浠庢潵涓嶅亣澶栫墿錛屼粠涓€寮€濮嬮兘鏄潬鐫€鑷韓鐨勫姫鍔涜€屼竴姝ユ璧板嚭鏉ョ殑銆?
鏃惰嚦浠婃棩緇堜簬鍙堟湁浜烘寫鎴樺乏灝樹簡錛屼笉榪囩溮姣斾笂涓€涓寫鎴樿€咃紝鐪煎墠榪欎綅浼間箮寮哄ぇ浜嗗お澶氾紝綆€鐩存槸綰墊í榪欑墖鎴樺満鑰屾棤鏁岋紝灝嗗墤瀹箣涓繪柟鍗楅兘涓嶆槸鍏跺鎵嬨€?
鍗婄錛?
榪欏彲鏄竴灝婂爞鍫傚崐紲烇紝寮哄ぇ鍒頒簡闅句互鎯寵薄鐨勫湴姝ャ€傚湪鍗婄闈㈠墠錛屽埆璇存槸瀵誨父鐨勭偧鍩熷浜嗭紝灝辯畻鏄嶮涓叓涓偧鍩熷鑱旀墜鍦ㄤ竴璧鳳紝浼版懜鐫€鎯寵鍜屽崐紲炰竴鎴橈紝涔熸槸涓嶅彲鑳界殑銆?
澶у鐣岀殑宸窛錛屽湪鍏冩鑰呯殑澧冪晫瓚婇珮涔嬪悗錛岃繖縐嶅樊璺濆氨瓚婃槸闅句互閫捐秺銆?
鍑犱箮宸茬粡鍙互璁ゅ畾宸﹀皹鎺ヤ笅鏉ョ殑緇撳矓錛屽繀鐒舵槸涓や釜瀛楋細钀借觸銆?
紲炶瘽灝嗚鐮寸伃浜嗗悧錛熶竴浜涗漢鍠冨杻銆?
鈥滃拰浣犱竴鎴樹篃濂姐€傗€濆乏灝樿嚜璦€鑷錛岀湅鐫€瀵規柟灝嗚嚜宸辯殑鍚嶅瓧鎶瑰幓錛岀洰鍏夊嵈鏄懼緱騫抽潤鏃犳瘮銆?
娌℃湁婊斿ぉ鐨勬垬鎰忥紝涔熸湭鏇炬湁浠諱綍鐨勬劋鎬掍箣鑹詫紝灝辮繖鏍風煑絝嬪師鍦幫紝闈欓潤絳夊緟鐫€瀵規柟鐨勫埌鏉ワ紝鑰屼粬鎵€絝嬭凍涔嬪湴錛屽洓闈㈠叓鏂癸紝浼椾漢鐨嗛€€錛屾牴鏈笉鏁㈡帴榪戝乏灝樻柟鍦嗗崈綾充箣鍐呫€?
涔濆ぉ涔嬩笂錛岄偅灝嗗乏灝樼殑鍚嶅彿鎶瑰幓鐨勬灄鍚涜漿榪囪綰匡紝鍑濊仛鍦ㄥ乏灝樼殑鑴鎬笂錛屽嵈鏄殣闅愮毐璧風湁澶淬€?
浠栧師鏈槸鎯寵鐪嬪埌宸﹀皹閭ｇ鎬掓皵鍐插ぉ鐨勫Э鎬侊紝瑕佺煡閬撳湪榪欐椽鑽掓涓婏紝鍝€曟槸鎺掑悕鏈€鍚庣殑閭ｄ綅錛屼竴浣嗗睘浜庝粬鐨勫悕瀛楄浠栦漢鎵€鎶瑰幓錛岄兘綆楁槸涓€縐嶈帿澶х殑鑰昏頸錛岀粷瀵逛細鎰ゆ€掓棤姣旓紝鐩存帴涓庢寫鎴樿€呬竴鎴樸€備粬瑕佸湪宸﹀皹鏈€鎰ゆ€掔殑鏃跺€欙紝鍐嶅己鍔垮皢宸﹀皹紕懼帇錛屼互璁╁ぉ涓嬩漢鎵€浜茬溂瑙佽瘉錛岀湅鐪嬩粬鏄浣曞皢涓€涓様鏃ョ殑紲炶瘽鎵€韙╄笍鍦ㄨ剼涓嬬殑錛屽彲鏄乏灝樻棤鍔ㄤ簬琛鳳紝騫抽潤鏃犳瘮錛屽唴蹇冩嘗婢滀笉鎯娿€?
鏋楀悰鍗存槸騫朵笉鐭ユ檽錛岀溂鍓嶇殑宸﹀皹錛屾牴鏈氨涓嶅皢浠栨斁鍦ㄥ績涓娿€傚尯鍖轟竴灝婂崐紲炶€屽凡錛屽憊絝嬪湪榪欎釜鏃朵唬鐨勬渶宸呭嘲鍙堟€庢牱錛?
宸﹀皹鍦ㄧ偧鍩熷棰嗗煙灝卞凡緇忓彲浠ヨ秺闃舵潃浼愶紝涓€鎴樺崐紲炪€備粬灝嗛偅媧崚浜虹晫鐨勫崐紲烇紝閮藉湪灝忕巹鐣屽唴闅忔剰璺佃笍錛屾洿鍒鏄粦鏆楀ぇ鉶氱┖涔嬩腑榪欑紿佺劧宕涜搗鐨勫崐紲炰簡銆傚喌涓旓紝鐜板湪鐨勫乏灝樿繕騫朵笉鏄粈涔堢偧鍩熷錛屾姏寮€鐪熷疄鐨勫鐣屼笉璋堬紝灝嗕粬涓庡甯稿厓姝﹁€呬互鍚屾牱鐨勭洰鍏夌湅寰咃紝宸﹀皹鐜板湪鐨勫疄鍔涳紝涔熷凡緇忓悓鏍鋒仮澶嶅埌浜嗗崐紲為鍩熴€?
鍦ㄨ繖縐嶅厛澶╁簳鈒翠笅錛屽埆璇存槸鐪煎墠鐨勮繖涓€涓灄鍚涗簡錛屽氨綆楁槸涓や釜銆佷笁涓灄鍚涘姞璧鋒潵錛屼篃閮芥湭蹇呰兘澶熷皢宸﹀皹鍘嬪埗銆?
絝欑殑浣嶇疆涓嶅悓錛岄偅涔堢溂鍏夊氨涓嶅悓錛岃鐨勪笉澶稿紶涓€鐐癸紝涓€鍙澕鋩佸湪浣犻潰鍓嶅紶鐗欒垶鐖寫琛呬綘鐨勬椂鍊欙紝浣犱細鎰ゆ€掑悧錛熸樉鐒朵笉浼氥€?
鑻ラ潪鏄繖鏋楀悰鍒氬垰瑙夐啋浜嗕粈涔堥簰楹熺湡琛€錛岃繖縐嶈鑴変箖鏄吉紲栬錛屼粠鑰岃宸﹀皹鏈変簡鍑犲垎鍏磋叮錛屾兂瑕佽璇嗚璇嗚繖縐嶈鑴夌殑璇濓紝浠栫敋鑷衝彲鑳界溂鐫溳兘涓嶅甫鐫佷竴涓嬬殑錛岀洿鎺ユ棤瑙嗗鏂廣€傚摢閲屼細綆¤嚜宸辯殑鍚嶅瓧琚皝浜烘姽鍘夥紵鍙嶆浠ュ乏灝樼幇鍦ㄧ殑鎴樺姏鑰岃█錛屼粬鎯寵涓寸櫥媧崚姒滀箣宸咃紝閭ｅ氨闅忔椂鍙互鍋氬埌錛岃€屼笖浼氫互閭ｇ紕懼帇涓€鍒囷紝鑷衝皧鏃犳晫鐨勫Э鎬佷復鐧繪浣嶇殑絎竴鍚嶃€?
鏋楀悰鎹忕揣浜嗘嫵澶達紝韙忔澶╃┕鑰屾潵錛岃繀閫熸帴榪戝乏灝樸€傚敮鏈変竴鎴橈紝寮哄娍鍘嬪埗宸﹀皹鎵嶈銆?
宸﹀皹鐨勮繖縐嶅鉤闈欏Э鎬侊紝絳変簬鏄浠栫殑鏃犺錛岃繖璁╁績楂樻皵鍌茬殑鏋楀悰鎰熻鍒頒簡涓€縐嶆棤褰㈢殑緹炶頸錛屽氨濡傚悓浠栧己鍔塊湼閬撶殑涓€鎷籌紝杞板嚮鍦ㄤ簡涓€鍧楀法澶ф棤姣旂殑嫺風壞涓婏紝鍒鏄皢榪欐搗緇墊墦紕庝簡錛岀敋鑷充簬榪炰換浣曠殑娉㈠姩閮芥湭鏇懼紩璧鳳紝鏈変竴縐嶆棤鍔涙劅銆?
瀵規柟鎺ヨ繎鐨勫悓鏃訛紝涓€鑲″己鐑堢殑鍘嬭揩鎰熷嚭鐜幫紝宸﹀皹鎰熻鍒拌嚜宸辯殑韜函鍗衝皢鐐稿紑浜嗕竴鏍楓€?
涓嶈繃錛屽康鍔涗竴鍔紝琛€鑴夎繍杞紝鍦ㄧ湪鐪奸棿錛屾墍鏈夌殑鍘嬪姏鍏ㄩ儴娑堝け鍦版棤褰辨棤韙紝宸﹀皹鏈韓鐨勮鑴変篃綆椾笉鍑★紝鍐嶅姞涓婂叾浠栬澶氱殑搴曡暣錛屾灄鍚涘彧鍑€熼簰楹熺湡琛€錛屽氨鎯寵鍘嬪埗宸﹀皹錛岀畝鐩存槸鐥翠漢璇存ⅵ銆?
鍦ㄦ灄鍚涘嚭鎵嬬殑闅忓悗錛屽乏灝橀┚椹嶮鏂瑰ぉ鍓戱紝涓€閬撻€嗗ぉ鍓戞皵鐩存帴鏉€鍑哄幓銆?
鍓戞皵璐┛澶╁湴錛岀湪鐪奸棿婕斿寲鍑轟竴鏂瑰墤闃碉紝灝嗘灄鍚涘洶鍦ㄥ叾涓€?
鑰屽悗錛屽墤闃靛唴閮紝宸﹀皹鏈綋鍐插嚭鍓嶆柟錛屽弻鎷充笉鏂槳鏉€錛屾柦灞曟棤灝界殗鎷籌紝姣忎竴閬撴嫵鑺掓潃鍑哄幓錛屽湪婕斿寲鎷寵姃濞佸娍鐨勫悓鏃訛紝鍙堝紩鍔ㄦ棤絀峯墤姘斻€?
涓嶅姩鎵嬪墶宸詫紝涓€鍔ㄦ墜鍒欐槸闆烽渾涓囬挧錛岀⒕鍘嬩竴鍒囷紝鍑誨灝涓€鍒囥€?
鍓戦樀涔嬪唴錛屼袱閬撹韓褰變笉鏂鎾烇紝浜掔溮鍘潃錛岀湪鐪煎杞頒笂涓囨錛屼笉鐭ラ亾鍚勮嚜鐖嗗彂鍑轟綍絳夊己澶х殑姘旇涔嬪姏銆?
鐗囧埢涔嬪悗錛屾灄鍚溳湶鍑烘儕寮備箣鑹層€?
寮€鐜╃瑧錛屼粬瑙夐啋浜嗛簰楹熺湡琛€涔嬪悗錛岃鑴夋斁鐪艱繖涓椂浠ｅ凡緇忔棤鏁岋紝鍑岄┚浜庢墍鏈変漢涔嬩笂錛屼粈涔堢浣撶殗浣撴垬浣撲粬閮藉彲浠ュ仛鍒版棤瑙嗭紝鍙琛€鑴変箣鍔涗垎鍙戝嚭鏉ワ紝鐨嗗彲紕懼帇銆?
浠栫煡閬撳乏灝樼殑琛€鑴変笌浣撹川寰堜笉綆€鍗曪紝鍦ㄥ綋鍒濆彿縐板ぉ涓嬫渶寮虹殑浣撹川錛屼絾鏄湪鏃朵唬鍙樺寲涔嬪悗錛岀悊搴旀棤娉曚笌褰撳垵鐩告瘮銆?
鍙負浣曞浠婂嵈渚濇棫榪欎箞寮猴紵
鍦ㄨ嚜宸卞垰鎵嶈繖縐嶇柉鐙傜殑鏀誨娍涔嬩笅錛屽悓綰у埆鐨勫崐紲烇紝鍙兘閮戒細鍧氭寔涓嶄綇鑰岃倝韜鍑犱箮鎵撳簾鎺夛紝浣嗘槸宸﹀皹鍗存棤鍔ㄤ簬琛鳳紝鏍規湰灝辨病鏈夊彈鍒板澶х殑褰卞搷銆?
鈥滀綘鐨勮鑴夋牴鏈瘮涓嶈繃鎴戱紝涓轟綍鑳藉鍧氭寔錛熲€濇灄鍚涙€掑惣銆?
鍦ㄤ粬鍜屽乏灝樼殑涓€鎴樹腑錛屽摢鎬曟渶鍚庣殑緇撳矓鏄け璐ワ紝浠栭兘鍙兘鍕夊己鎺ュ彈閭ｄ釜浜嬪疄錛屼絾鍞嫭錛屽湪琛€鑴夎繖涓€鏂歸潰涓婏紝鏄粬鏈€鑷俊鐨勭偣錛屽嵈娌¤兘鍙栧緱鍘嬭揩鎬х殑浼樺娍錛岃繖璁╀粬闈炲父涓嶇敇蹇冦€?
鈥滆鑴夌殑寮哄ぇ涓庡惁錛屽彧鏄竴涓漢寮哄ぇ鐨勪竴鏂歸潰鑰屽凡錛屽嵈涓嶈兘浠ｈ〃鐫€鍏ㄩ儴銆傗€濆乏灝樻繁娣辯湅浜嗘灄鍚涗竴鐪礆細鈥滃崟鍑繖縐嶈鑴夛紝浣犱技涔庡苟涓嶈凍浠ュ帇鍒舵垜銆傗€?
璦€姣曪紝宸﹀皹鍐插嚭鍓嶆柟錛屽弻鑷傞渿棰わ紝鐩存帴灞曞紑浜嗗己鍔挎棤姣旂殑榪戣韓鎼忔潃銆?
鍑犱釜鍛煎惛涔嬮棿錛岀溂鍓嶇殑鏋楀悰灝辮浠栨墍褰誨簳紕懼帇銆?
涓嶈繃鐗囧埢錛屾灄鍚涘ぇ鍙ｅ挸琛€錛岃韓韜笉鏂垎閫€錛岃劯鑹蹭竴鐗囪媿鐧斤紝鏁翠釜韜函鍦ㄩ殣闅愬彂棰ゃ€?
浠栦互琛€鑴変箣鍔溳亶甯冨叏韜紝鍐嶆湁鍗婄綰у埆鐨勫彜鍏冨姏瀹堟姢鐫€鏈綋錛屽嵈鍦ㄦ闈㈢殑鎼忔潃涓畬瀹屽叏鍏ㄨ宸﹀皹鎵撴垚浜嗛噸浼ゃ€?
浠栨壘涓嶅埌浠諱綍鐨勫€熷彛錛屽洜涓鴻繖鏄闈㈢殑鍘潃涓庣鎾烇紝涔冩槸鐪熸鍔溳噺鐨勭函綺逛綋鐜幫紝瀹逛笉寰楀崐鐐圭殑鎶曟満鍙栧閥銆?
鈥滃帇鍒舵垜錛屼綘浼間箮榪樹笉澶熻祫鏍箋€傗€濆乏灝樻渶鍚庝竴鍙ヨ瘽钀戒笅錛屼竴鎷寵槳鍑誨湪瀵規柟鐨勮兏鍙ｏ紝鎷寵姃鐩存帴灝嗘浜虹殑鑲夎韓絀塊€忥紝鑰屽悗鍦ㄥ埞閭ｉ棿錛屽氨灝嗙溂鍓嶇殑鏋楀悰杞板嚭浜嗘椽鑽掓垬鍙板嚑鍗冪背涔嬪銆?
鑻ラ潪浠栨湁鎰忕暀鎵嬶紝閭ｄ箞榪欐渶鍚庣殑涓€鎷籌紝宸﹀皹緇濆鍙互灝嗚繖鏋楀悰褰誨簳婧冨帇錛岀洿鎺ュ皢瀵規柟鎵撲釜鍗婃錛岀粷瀵逛笉澶稿紶銆?
鏂規墠涓€鎴橈紝宸﹀皹宸茬粡鐔熸倝浜嗛簰楹熺湡琛€鐨勬墍鏈夌壒寰侊紝閭ｇ琛€鑴夌殑紜笉綆€鍗曪紝鍙互璇村乏灝樻様鏃ユ墍瑙佽繃鐨勪換浣曚竴縐嶅己澶ч€嗗ぉ鐨勮鑴夛紝鍦ㄩ簰楹熺湡琛€闈㈠墠閮芥槸涓€縐嶇瑧璇濄€傞潬鐫€榪欑琛€鑴夛紝鏋楀悰鐜板湪宸茬粡杈懼埌鍗婄棰嗗煙錛岃€岃嫢鏃犳剰澶栫殑璇濓紝鍦ㄦ帴涓嬫潵浠栧皢鍚屾牱鑳藉浠ョ⒕鍘嬫€х殑鍔垮ご鍐插靉鐪熺棰嗗煙錛岀敋鑷充簬鑷衝己鑰呫€佸ぉ姝﹀鈥︹€︼紝渚濇棫灝嗗鐣屼繚鎸佸湪鏃朵唬鐨勬渶鍓嶅垪銆?
涓嶈繃錛岃繕涓嶅錛?
宸﹀皹緇堜簬鏄庣櫧涓轟綍榪欎笉榪囨槸浼琛€錛岃€屼笉鏄湡姝ｇ殑紲栬浜嗐€傝鐭ラ亾鍒氭墠鐨勫幃鏉€涓紝浠栬繕鏈浘鍔ㄧ敤鏈€寮虹殑搴曡暣錛屽浠婄殑浠栧凡緇忔帉鎺т簡涓ょ紱佸繉涔嬪姏錛岄櫎浜嗘槦絀哄ぉ闆風伀涔嬪錛岃繕鏈変竴縐嶄究鏄偅澶垵涔嬪姏銆?
濡傛灉灝嗗お鍒濅箣鍔涜皟鍔ㄥ嚭鏉ワ紝榪愬竷鍏ㄨ韓錛屽艦鎴愭棤褰㈢殑鎴橀摖瀹堟姢鑲夎韓鐨勮瘽錛屽湪閭ｇ鐘舵€佷笅涓€鎴橈紝浠栦竴鎷衝彲鐮村ぉ鍦版棩鏈堬紝鎽ф瘉涓€鍒囷紝鎵撶涓€鍒囥€傝倝韜垬鍔涳紝灝嗕細杈懼埌涓€縐嶆棤娉曟兂璞＄殑楂樺害銆?
鍒氭墠鑻ユ槸鍔ㄧ敤浜嗗お鍒濅箣鍔涳紝鍙屾柟瀵規嫾涓夊嶮鎷涗箣鍐咃紝宸﹀皹渚垮彲鐩存帴灝嗗鏂圭粰鏂╂潃鎺夈€備笉鏄嚮璐ワ紝鑰屾槸鐩存帴鏂╂潃銆?
涓嶈繃鐜板湪瀵逛粯鑷繁浜烘病浠€涔堟剰鎬濓紝紿濋噷鏂楃粓絀跺緱涓嶅埌浠€涔堛€傛湭鏉ョ殑澶ф晫闄嶄復涔嬪悗錛屽啀鍥炶繃澶存潵鐪嬬湅榛戞殫澶ц櫄絀哄唴閮ㄧ殑楂樻墜褰兼浜夋枟錛岄偅瀹炲湪鏄お榪囧彲絎戱紝澶繃璁藉埡鐨勪竴浠朵簨銆傚彲鎯滐紝宸﹀皹鑳芥槑鐧戒竴鍒囷紝浣嗘槸榪欎簺浜哄苟涓嶆噦銆?
鍥涘懆涔嬮棿錛屽緢澶氫漢閮芥槸鎯婇ⅳ璧鋒潵錛岀敋鑷充笉鏁㈡闈笌宸﹀皹瀵硅銆?
紲炶瘽緇堢┒鏄璇濓紝宸茬劧鍦ㄨ繖涓椂浠ｆ棤鏁岋紝寰堝浜烘兂鍒拌嚜宸變箣鍓嶇殑鎯蟲硶錛岀畝鐩存槸鎰熻鍒板彲絎戙€傝繕鎯崇湅鐪嬪乏灝樻槸濡備綍琚⒕鍘嬬殑錛屾兂瑕佺湅鍒伴偅絳夊噭鎯ㄧ殑鍦洪潰錛岃皝鐭ラ亾錛屾灄鍚涗竴灝婂崐紲烇紝絝熺劧鏍規湰涓嶆槸宸﹀皹鐨勫鎵嬨€?
鈥滈櫎闈炶閱掔琛€錛屽惁鍒欐病浜鴻兘鍜屾垜涓€鎴橈紝鑷衝皯榛戞殫澶ц櫄絀虹殑楂樻墜鍋氫笉鍒般€傗€濆乏灝樺杻鍠冿紝涓嬩竴鍒昏韓韜寲浣滀竴閬撴祦鍏夛紝灝辯洿鎺ユ秷澶卞湪浜嗗師鍦般€?
緇忚繃涓庢灄鍚涗殑涓€鎴橈紝宸﹀皹宸插睍鐜扮粷瀵圭殑鐜嬭€呭Э鎬侊紝鎯衝繀鍦ㄧ煭鏃墮棿鍐咃紝娌℃湁浜哄啀鏁簬鍑烘墜鎸戣鑷繁錛岄櫎闈炴槸鏈変漢鑳藉鐪熸宕涜搗銆傝繖涔熺渷鐨勫乏灝樺湪鎺ヤ笅鏉ュ湪灝忕巹鐣岃浜嬬殑鏃跺€欏皯鍘諱簡寰堝楹葷儲銆?
浠栬繘鍏ヤ簡絎簩閬撻棬鎴蜂箣鍐咃紝鍑嗗鍐嶆鍓嶅幓閭ｅ皬鐜勭晫涔嬩腑銆?
浠栧浠婄殑鐩厜錛屽彧鏀懼湪灝忕巹鐣屼箣鍐咃紝鍥犱負鍙湁鍦ㄩ偅閲岄潰錛屾墠鏈夊€煎緱宸﹀皹鎰熷叴瓚ｅ拰鍑烘墜鐨勫鎵嬨€?
涓婁竴嬈″湪灝忕巹鐣屽唴錛岃櫧鐒舵潃絀誇簡涓€閲嶅ぉ錛屼笉榪囧乏灝樺嵈騫朵笉婊℃剰錛屽洜涓洪偅浜涗漢鍦ㄥ皬鐜勭晫鍐呮鍘誨悗錛岀幇瀹炰腑鍚屾牱鍙互媧諱笅鍘匯€?
鑰岀幇鍦ㄤ笉涓€鏍蜂簡錛屼粬瑕佹潃錛佽繖涓€嬈★紝浠栬琛€鏌撳皬鐜勭晫錛侊紙鏈畬寰呯畫錛